漂流世界 | 威尼斯，你是世间的浪漫和绚丽

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如果说这个世界上有一个城市让我想到了浪漫、美好和快乐，那应当就是威尼斯了。

巴黎很浪漫，但她是法国首都，多少有点被政治污染的没那么无忧无虑；

稻城很美好，可毕竟经济不发达，不见得人们多么快乐；

迪拜很快乐，可却少了很多让人内心安定的气质。

威尼斯却不一样。

要说不一样在哪，我们一起去看看吧。

The founding of Venice

威尼斯的建立

威尼斯在古欧洲就存在了，她的历史也有一千多年了呢，曾富有，也曾没落，但所幸分分合合后还留存至今，为我们保存下城市设计和文明财富。

公元452年

Venice was founded in ad 452, when northern Italian cities took refuge on the islands of the lagoon from the Teutonic tribes that invaded Italy during the 5th century. They established their own government, which was headed by tribunes for each of the 12 principal islands. 

威尼斯建立于公元452年，当时北意大利城市的居民，以湖岛为避难所，躲避侵略意大利的日耳曼部落。他们建立了自己的政府，以12个岛上的护民官为首。

15世纪末-16世纪初

Wars of conquest enabled Venice to acquire neighboring territories, and by the late 15th century, the city-state was the leading maritime power in the Christian world. In 1508 the Holy Roman Empire, the pope, France, and Spain combined against Venice in the League of Cambrai and divided the Venetian possessions among themselves, and although Venice reacquired its Italian dominions through astute diplomacy in 1516, it never regained its political power.

战争胜利使得威尼斯渐渐扩充城土。到15世纪末期，它已经成为了基督教世界的海上强国。1508年，神圣罗马帝国、教皇、法国和西班牙在康布雷联盟中共同抵制威尼斯，将其财产瓜分。尽管1516年威尼斯通过精明的外交手段购回其意大利领土，它再也没能恢复昔日的强大。

1797-1866

In 1797 the Venetian Republic was conquered and ended by Napoleon Bonaparte, who turned the territory over to Austria. In 1866, after the Seven Weeks’ War, Venice became part of the newly established kingdom of Italy. 

1797年威尼斯联合国被拿破仑·波拿巴占领并终结。拿破仑将这个领土移交给了奥地利。1866年，七周战争后，威尼斯成为了新建立的意大利王国的领土。

至此，今天的威尼斯在那时渐渐成形。

Special geodesign

特别的地理设计

Long sand bars, or barrier beaches, on the outer side of the lagoon serve as protection against the sea. The islands on which the city is built are connected by about 400 bridges. The Grand Canal, about 3 km (about 2 mi) long, winds through Venice from northwest to southeast, dividing the city into two nearly equal portions.

泻湖外侧的长沙坝，或是障碍海滩，保护不受海的侵袭。城市建立在岛屿之上，这些岛屿由400座桥相接。大运河，约3公里（约2英里）长，风从西北向东南穿过威尼斯，把城市分成两个几乎相等的部分。

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Sigh bridge

叹息桥

威尼斯的建筑也与她的历史一样，丰富而多彩。不同的历史时期的不同社会人文造就出风格各异的建筑。威尼斯的两大著名建筑：圣马可广场是哥特式建筑，哥特式风格来源于文艺复兴；而叹息桥恰好相反，是早期巴洛克式风格，这种风格多见于教堂，背离文艺复习精神。

正是不同时期文化和思想的冲撞，才造就了绚烂而开放的威尼斯。

Sigh bridge was built in 1603, because on the bridge of sighs condemned the name. It is said that lovers kissing under Bridges can last forever. On both ends of the bridge are connected with praetorium and Venice prison, is by the court of the prison to ancient--the only way to death row. The bridge of sighs modelling early baroque, bridge houses in shape, the upper cover of the vault, closed was firmly sealed, only to the canal had two little side window, when the prisoner in the governor after trial, felon was brought to the dungeons, farewell could renege on life, after the close of airtight bridge, can only look at the blue sky through the small window, not independent of the sound of sigh, then go ahead and to say goodbye to all beings.

叹息桥建于1603年，因为获罪者在桥上的叹息而得名。据说恋人们在桥下接吻就可以天长地久。叹息桥两端连结着总督府和威尼斯监狱，是古代由法院向监狱押送死囚的必经之路。叹息桥造型属早期巴洛克式风格，桥呈房屋状，上部穹隆覆盖，封闭得很严实，只有向运河一侧有两个小窗。当犯人在总督府接受审判之后，重罪犯被带到地牢中，可能就此永别人世，过去临刑死囚走向刑场时必须经过这座密不透气的桥，死囚们只能透过小窗看看蓝天，想到家人在桥下的船上等候诀别，百感交集涌上心头，不由自主地发出叹息之声——再向前走便要告别世间的一切了。

Piazza San Marco

圣马可广场

Piazza San Marco is the principal public square of Venice, Italy. The Piazzetta is an extension of the Piazza towards the lagoon in its south east corner. The two spaces together form the social, religious and political centre of Venice and are commonly considered together. A remark usually attributed (though without proof) to Napoleon calls the Piazza San Marco "the drawing room of Europe".

圣马可广场是威尼斯的主要广场。皮亚泽塔是广场的东南角向泻湖的延伸。两个空间共同构成了威尼斯的社会、宗教以及政治中心，他们也总是被相提并论。尽管没有证据，但有这种说法，拿破仑曾称圣马可广场为“欧洲的客厅”。

Marco Polo

马可·波罗

说到威尼斯的人，最著名的莫过于在中国吃香喝辣，回去后宣扬了我大中华之富有强大的马可波罗了。

Marco Polo (1254 – January 8–9, 1324)was a Venetian merchant traveller and citizen of the Venetian Republic whose travels are recorded in Livres des merveilles du monde (Book of the Marvels of the World, also known as The Travels of Marco Polo, c. 1300). He learned the mercantile trade from his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, who travelled through Asia and met Kublai Khan. The three of them embarked on an epic journey to Asia in 1271, returning after 24 years to find Venice at war with Genoa; Marco was imprisoned and dictated his stories to a cellmate. He died in 1324 and was buried in the church of San Lorenzo in Venice. Marco Polo was not the first European to reach China (see Europeans in Medieval China), but he was the first to leave a detailed chronicle of his experience. This book inspired Christopher Columbus and many other travellers.

马可波罗是一位威尼斯商人兼旅行家，他的游历记录在马可波罗游记中。他的父亲和叔叔曾游历亚洲见过忽必烈大汗。1271年，他们三人踏上了东方的史诗般的征程，24年后回到威尼斯。马可波罗参加了和热那亚的战争，不幸被俘入狱，将他的故事口述给了一位狱友。1324年马可波罗去世，被安葬在威尼斯的圣洛伦佐教堂。马可波罗不是第一个来到中国的欧洲人，但是他是第一个留下详细经历记录的人。他的游记激励了哥伦布等众多探险家。

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Gondola

贡多拉

作为一个人口不小的发达城市，威尼斯出行竟然还靠船？我们大中国都靠高铁了。可是船似乎没有阻挡威尼斯的发展之路，毕竟千万游客争抢着要坐船呢！

Venice‘s most famous vehicles are gondolas, which drift slowly through the city’s famed canals as the men steering the boats serenade passengers with arias from Italian operas. Contrary to popular belief the gondola is never poled like a punt as the waters of Venice are too deep. The gondola is propelled by an oarsman (the gondolier).

威尼斯最著名的交通工具是贡多拉，掌舵者驾着它慢慢的划过这座城市著名的运河，意大利歌剧中的咏叹调作为伴随乘客的小夜曲。贡多拉是由，与大众以为的不同，由于威尼斯的水太深，贡多拉并不像平底船一样用蒿撑船。贡多拉是由船夫用划桨推进的。

Cuisine 

美食？

Venetian cuisine is characterized by seafood, but also includes garden products from the islands of the lagoon, rice from the mainland, game, and polenta. Venice is not known for a peculiar cuisine of its own: it combines local traditions with influences stemming from age-old contacts with distant countries. 

威尼斯的美食特色是海鲜，还有附近泻湖所产的种植物，欧洲大陆产的米，野味，玉米糊。

简单来说，其实就是威尼斯没有自己的特色美食😂，而是混合了当地传统以及与其他地区交流中的影响。

蘸醋的煎沙丁鱼（为长期航行而腌制的沙丁鱼）

青豆米汤

是不是看了都没有食欲了？

不过，威尼斯人民还是为广大吃货造了福的，那便是著名的表达爱意的甜点——提拉米苏。

The dessert tiramisu is thought to have been invented in Treviso in the late 1960s, and is popular in the Veneto area. In Italian, Tiramisu has the meaning of "take me away", not only take delicious away, but also take love and happiness away.

甜点提拉米苏被认为是于20世纪60年代末期在特雷维索（威尼斯的一个地名）发明的，在威内托区（意大利的行政区，包含威尼斯）很受欢迎。在意大利文中，提拉米苏有带我走的意思，带走的不只是美味，还有爱和幸福。

结语

你爱上威尼斯了吗？

威尼斯仿佛是在现代化标准城市中格格不入爱惜裙子的小姑娘，爱做梦爱多愁善感。

我只愿她能永远保持传统的样子，不要在拆迁大潮中变成了与其他城市一样的钢铁丛林。

你呢？你更喜欢什么样的城市呢？